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Contested Ground
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Contested Ground: Code of Conduct

1. Professional Integrity and Objectivity

I commit to providing analysis that is accurate, impartial, and grounded in verifiable satellite imagery evidence. I will clearly distinguish between direct observational findings, reasonable inferences, and speculation. When uncertainty exists, I will explicitly state confidence levels and limitations in the analysis.


I will not allow political, financial, or ideological bias to influence my analytical conclusions. If a client's anticipated findings conflict with what the evidence shows, I will report the findings accurately regardless.

2. Ethical Standards

I acknowledge the serious consequences that inaccurate satellite imagery analysis can have, particularly in human rights investigations, military assessments, and policy decisions. I commit to:


  • Conducting analysis with appropriate rigour and care proportional to the potential impact
  • Declining projects where I lack technical expertise or where the intended use presents clear risks of harm
  • Considering the humanitarian implications of my work and refusing commissions designed to facilitate violence, repression, or human rights violations
  • Being transparent about my methodology so findings can be independently verified or challenged

3. Data Security and Confidentiality

I will protect client information and analysis products with appropriate security measures:


  • Client identities and project details remain confidential unless explicitly authorised for disclosure
  • Analysis products, raw data, and intermediate work products are stored securely and not shared without written consent
  • Upon project completion, I will retain records as legally required but will not retain unnecessary sensitive information indefinitely
  • If legally compelled to disclose information, I will inform the client to the extent permissible by law

4. Conflict of Interest

I will identify and disclose potential conflicts of interest to clients before undertaking analysis:


  • I will not simultaneously conduct analysis on the same geographic area or actors for competing or adversarial clients
  • I will avoid projects where prior work or personal relationships create bias
  • I will decline commissions from actors I have reason to believe will misrepresent findings as independent analysis
  • Any financial interests in outcomes (investment positions, family relations, etc.) will be disclosed

5. Accuracy and Quality Assurance

I will maintain rigorous analytical standards:


  • All findings are based on reproducible analysis using clearly documented methods
  • I will use appropriate imagery acquisition dates, sources, and processing techniques
  • I will conduct internal review of significant findings before delivery
  • I will provide clients with sufficient documentation to understand my methodology and assess conclusions
  • Corrections to published findings will be issued promptly and clearly when errors are identified

6. Responsible Use of Satellite Imagery

I acknowledge that satellite imagery is sensitive dual-use information. I commit to:


  • Using imagery analysis responsibly and lawfully within the jurisdiction where I operate
  • Not facilitating surveillance of private individuals for purposes unrelated to documented human rights concerns or legitimate security matters
  • Being cautious about inadvertently enabling targeting or harm through analysis products
  • Applying appropriate anonymisation or redaction to civilian infrastructure when not essential to findings

7. Limitations and Disclaimers

I will communicate clearly about what satellite imagery analysis can and cannot do:


  • I will not claim to determine intent, motivation, or nationality from imagery alone
  • Findings are based on visual evidence at specific dates; they do not represent continuous monitoring
  • Imagery analysis is complementary to, not a substitute for, on-the-ground investigation, documentation, or witness testimony
  • Client reports will include appropriate disclaimers about analysis limitations and appropriate use

8. Legal and Regulatory Compliance

I will operate in compliance with applicable laws, including:


  • Data protection and privacy regulations relevant to clients and subjects of analysis
  • Sanctions regimes that may restrict analysis work with certain entities or countries

9. Declining Inappropriate Commissions

I reserve the right to decline projects where:


  • The intended use would likely facilitate serious harm
  • The client intends to misrepresent findings or my independence
  • I lack the expertise to conduct analysis responsibly
  • The project creates unacceptable legal or reputational risk
  • The confidentiality, security, or ethical requirements cannot be met

10. Continuous Improvement

I commit to maintaining and improving professional standards through:


  • Staying current with satellite imagery technology, analytical methods, and relevant academic research
  • Reflecting on past analyses and learning from mistakes
  • Seeking feedback from colleagues and clients
  • Periodically reviewing and updating this code of conduct

Implementation Note

This code of conduct represents my professional commitment. Clients and partners can hold me accountable to these standards. I welcome questions about my analytical practices and am prepared to discuss my methodology and limitations openly. 


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